A Celebration of Women Writers

The Congress of Women: Held in the Woman's Building, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, U. S. A., 1893, With Portraits, Biographies and Addresses. Edited by Mary Kavanaugh Oldham Eagle, 1854-1903. Chicago: Monarch Book Company, 1894.

gender, ethnicity, religion



view of the woman's building from the water
THE WOMAN'S BUILDING.


THE CONGRESS OF WOMEN
HELD IN THE WOMAN'S BUILDING,
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION,
CHICAGO, U. S. A., 1893.


WITH PORTRAITS, BIOGRAPHIES, AND ADDRESSES.


PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS,
MRS. BERTHA M. HONORÉ PALMER, PRESIDENT.


EDITED BY
MARY KAVANAUGH OLDHAM EAGLE,
CHAIRMAN OF THE COMMITTEE ON CONGRESSES, OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS.


OFFICIAL EDITION.


SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.


MONARCH BOOK COMPANY,
(Formerly L. P. Miller & Co.,)
CHICAGO, ILL. PHILADELPHIA, PA.
1894


Entered according to the Act of Congress in the year A. D. 1894, by
W. B. CONKEY COMPANY,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.


This work being fully protected by copyright, any infringement will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.


COMMEMORATIVE
Of the many pleasant and profitable days spent together.
THE COMMITTEE ON CONGRESSES,
By permission, dedicate this work
to the
President
and members of the
Board of Lady Managers
of the
Columbian Exposition.


PUBLISHERS' PREFACE.


THE object of the publication of this book is to present an account of some of the most important assemblages of women the world has ever known. As a part of the Columbian Exposition, the greatest event of its kind in history, there was a daily gathering of women, who, in a great building devoted to their uses, expressed their ideas regarding the social, business and political affairs of humankind and all that pertains to making a greater future for the human race. This book reproduces the ideas advanced by these women, who represented the civilized world. It is the record of most earnest and potential and practical assemblages of women. What is in these pages indicates what women are to-day. The book contains the addresses made by those representing the more active women of two continents. It is a book every thoughtful woman and every thoughtful man should possess, and must, from its very quality and the circumstances of its production, be part of the important data of future histories. No publishers' preface will aid it much. It is a book which will retain its place because it commands a status as describing an important part of one of the most important events in history. It may be that it was even the most striking part, since among the greatest problems of the times is aggressively prominent that of the relations of men and women in the work of the world and in the division of its profits and its honors.


head and shoulders of woman in elaborately decorated gown, wearing five strands of pearls, earrings and tiara
MRS. BERTHA M. HONORÉ PALMER.
President of the Board of Lady Managers.



PREFACE.


THE Columbian Exposition, in its unrivaled physical beauty, has culminated and vanished like the blossoms of a gorgeous Century plant, leaving only a memory of its superb efflorescence and subtle charm. In order that the efforts made in its behalf may not all be lost, and that a reminder of its aesthetic and educational influence may remain with us, Mrs. James P. Eagle, the untiring and devoted chairman, has collected in permanent form the valuable papers secured by herself and her committee for the Congresses in the Woman's Building.

Nothing could be more broadly representative than the catholic presentation given in these Congresses to many important topics from many points of view. The names contained in the list of contributors are in themselves a sufficient guaranty of the great merit of the papers, which were so warmly received at the time of their presentation.

I trust that the final and important service performed by Mrs. Eagle in placing these papers within reach of the public, may receive the indorsement which it merits.

BERTHA M. HONORE PALMER.
President of the Board of Lady Managers.


TABLE OF CONTENTS.

  PAGES.
PUBLISHER'S PREFACE 6
PREFACE 9
INTRODUCTION 13-14
INDEX TO AUTHORS 15-16
INDEX TO SUBJECTS 17-19
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS 21-22
OPENING ADDRESS 25-29
PAPERS READ BEFORE THE CONGRESS 30-815
PRESENTATION OF MRS. PALMER'S PORTRAIT 816-819
CLOSING ADDRESS 820-824

head and shoulders of woman with lace at neckline
MRS. MARY K. O. EAGLE.
EDITOR.



INTRODUCTION.


THE Congresses held in the Woman's Building were inaugurated under a resolution unanimously passed by the Board of Lady Managers on September 7, 1891, which read as follows:

"Resolved, That a special committee of seven be appointed who shall have charge of arranging for Congresses to be held in the Woman's Building during the Fair."

The president of the board appointed the following committee: Mrs. James P. Eagle, Mrs. Helen M. Barker, Miss Laurette Lovell, Miss Eliza M. Russell, Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, Mrs. Susan R. Ashley and Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis (now deceased). Mrs. Jno. J. Bagley and Mrs. L. Brace Shattuck were afterward added to the committee, and Mrs. Bagley was elected vice-chairman.

On August 5, 1893, the board adopted a recommendation to publish the Congress papers in book form to be sold for the benefit of the Woman's Memorial Building fund. The chairman of the committee having conducted the correspondence necessary, and arranged the entire program for the Woman's Building Congresses, having also been present and presiding at each of these daily meetings, except on three occasions, when the executive committee, of which she is a member, was in session, was regarded a suitable person to edit the work of the Congresses which is herein presented to the public: Mrs. Potter Palmer, president of the Board of Lady Managers, made the nomination, which was confirmed by the unanimous vote of the committee at a meeting held November 7, 1893, when only one member of the committee was absent.

It was considered in the interest of the Board of Lady Managers and the publisher, that this work should not be delayed longer than three months after the close of the Exposition. A contract was entered into with the publisher to that effect. No pains, or money, or diligence has been spared in our efforts to secure the complete representation in this volume of each contributor to the Congress. It is sincerely to be regretted that there are a few women, whose articles should appear in this work, that we have either been unable to reach or unable to secure contributions from on account of previous disposition having been made of their papers, proposed individual publications or the difficulty of reproducing satisfactorily addresses delivered without notes. Over one thousand letters and dozens of telegrams have been sent out in this interest since November 10th.

With much gratitude we acknowledge indebtedness to the hundreds of women with whom we have had correspondence, for their unfailing courtesy and particularly to those who appeared from time to time on the Congress platform. This intercourse has been altogether pleasant and harmonious throughout the entire Exposition, and has been a most flattering revelation of woman's attainments in grace, culture, thought and literature.

To Mrs. Potter Palmer, president of the Board of Lady Managers, and to many of the members of the board, we tender special thanks for their counsel, encouragement and co-operation in the difficult and laborious task assigned to this committee.

The plan of the committee was to have a leading address, followed by free dis- cussion whenever the nature of the subject invited debate. We publish only the addresses.

The courtesy of these pages has been extended to women who prepared papers and were prevented from appearing at the appointed time by bereavements and other good causes, and in a few instances has been accepted.

One of the objects of this work has been to mirror the women of the Columbian year—faithfully reflecting their purposes, plans and powers as they stand the chosen representatives of the various states of this Union and of the nations of the earth. As we succeeded in presenting representatives from thirty states and twenty nations we feel justified in believing that this object has been attained.

Other purposes were to provide for communion and interchange of thought between women engaged in the same and diverse lines of work and the compilation of valuable literary and historical papers to serve as stepping stones to future progress which has also, to the minds of many, been realized.

We have not assumed to direct or dictate the utterances, and will not be expected to indorse all articles admitted without discrimination.

The one thought of the president of the Board of Lady Managers and the entire membership of the board, whether acting as a whole, as individuals or committees, has been to serve well, the women of the present and the future. To the charity of the public we trust the imperfections of our work.

EDITOR.

floral detail


INDEX TO AUTHORS.

  PAGE.
Abbott, Mrs. Alice Asbury 645
Aberdeen, Lady Ishbel 743
Adams, Mrs. Mary Newbury 342
Alcala de, Senorita Catalina 398
Anthony, Miss Susan B. 787
Arcambal de, Mrs. Agnes L. 148
Baird, Mrs. Priscilla 414
Barlow, Miss Florence 797
Bates, Miss Octavia Williams 664
Bay, Mrs. Lillian Cantrell 260
Bayard, Mrs. Mary Temple 435
Bell, Miss Laura 516
Bjorn, Mme. Thora K. 740
Blackwell, Rev. Antoinette Brown 633
Blake, Mrs. Lillie Devereux 32
Boyd, Mrs. Gaston 570
Brady, Mrs. Sue Huffman 306
Brazza di, Countess Cora Slocomb 697
Bristol, Rev. Augusta Cooper 80
Brotherton, Mrs. Alice Williams 67
Brown, Dr. M. Augusta 477
Bucklin, Miss Lorain Pearce 450
Bullock, Mrs. Electa 510
Bullock, Mrs. Helen L. 143
Cantrell, Mrs. Ellen Harrell 253
Cappiani, Mme. Louisa 500
Chapin, Rev. Augusta J. 393
Clark, Mrs. Laura H. 512
Cohen, Katherine M. 428
Cohen, Miss Nina Morais 113
Cole, Miss Annette 600
Conway, Miss Clara 402
Cooper, Mrs. Sarah B. 296
Cope, Mrs. Theresa Elizabeth 531
Corbin, Mrs. Caroline Fairfield 326
Corson, Miss Juliet 714
Craig, Mrs. M. K. 198
Crawford, Mrs. Emily 87
Cummins, Mrs. Ella Sterling 184
Curwen, Mrs. Mary T. W. 165
Devereux, Mrs. C. A. R. 752
Dibble, Mrs. Martha Cleveland 704
Dickinson, Mrs. Mary Lowe 637
Dillaye, Miss Blanche 643
Dodd, Mrs. Anna A. 754
Donohue, Dr. Mary E. 727
Douglas, Mrs. Selwyn 383
Douglass, Mrs. Jean Loughborough 733
Drury, Mrs. J. Wilson 471
Duniway, Mrs. Abigail Scott 90
Eagle, Mrs. James P. 11 and 23opp. p. 164.
Eastman, Mrs. Annis Ford 612
Edwards, Mrs. Amanda M. 760
  PAGE. [column 2]
Fairbanks, Mrs. Caroline Fuller 503
Field, Miss Kate 77
Field (Catherine Cole), Mrs. Martha R. 776
Foster, Mrs. J. Ellen 668
Fredericsen, Miss Kirstine 237
Fuller, Mrs. Brainerd 491
Gaddess, Mrs. Mary L. 221
Gage, Mrs. Marie Mott 737
Galloway, Miss Janet A. 337
Garrett, Miss Mary S. 443
George, Mrs. Jonnie Allen 388
Gohl, Miss Cecile 316
Gordon, Mrs. Laura de Force 74
Gould, Mrs. Minna Gordon 660
Green, Mrs. Anna S. 649
Greene, Miss Mary A. 41
Grinnell, Mrs. Katherni V. 628
Hanna, Mrs. John R. 53
Hayes, Miss Mary V. 474
Henrotin, Mrs. Charles 348
Hinds, Miss Ida K. 438
Hitchcock, Mrs. Romyn 556
Holt, Mrs. Charlotte 190
Howard, Mrs. A. L 463
Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward 102
Howell, Mrs. Mary Seymour 679
Hoxie, Mrs. Vinnie Ream 603
Hull, Mrs. Mary Hess 609
Hultin, Rev. Ida C. 788
Jenkins, Mrs. Helen Philleo 686
Johnson, Miss Helen Louise 810
Johnston, Mrs. Adelia A. F. 555
Keene, Miss Mary Virginia 194
Kenealy, Miss Annesley 354
Ketcham, Mrs. Emily Burton. 361
Korany, Mme. Hanna K. 359
Lake, Mrs. Isabel Wing 574
Lake, Mrs. Leonora Marie 508
Lankton, Dr. Freeda M. 268
Lease, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth. 412
Lewis, Mrs. Amanda Kerr 371
Lincoln, Mrs. Mary T. 138
Lipscomb, Mrs. M. A. 469
Lockwood, Mrs. Mary S. 816
Lord, Miss Eleanor 281
Louis, Mrs. Minnie D. 539
Lundin, Mlle. Hulda 104
Magnusson, Mme. Sigrid E. 521
Manning, Miss Agnes M. 107
Marsden, Miss Kate 213
Marshall, Mme. Marie 211
  PAGE.
McDiarmid, Mrs. Clara A. 723
McDonald, Prof. Cora M. 264
McGee, Miss L. C. 249
Meriweather, Mrs. Lide 747
Messenger, Mrs. Lillian Rozell 227
Meyer, Mrs. Nicoline Bech 243
Meyer, Mrs. Annie Nathan 135
Miller, Mrs. Kate O. 782
Miller, Mrs. Annie Jenness 695
Mitchell, Miss Alice A. 405
Monroe, Mrs. Harriet Earhart 311
Moore, Miss Aimee K. Osborne 380
Morgan, Miss Anna 597
Mott, Mrs. Emma Pratt 544
Norris, Mrs. Mary E. C. 674
Ormsbee, Mrs. E. J. 590
Palmer, Mrs. Bertha Honoré 25 and 821
Palmer, Mrs. Sarah Eddy 432
Peabody, Mrs. Mary H. 205
Peck, Mrs. Maria Purdy 623
Pelham, Lady Arthur 576
Pitblado, Mrs. Effie 793
Pollard, Mrs. Marie Antoinette Nathalie 293
Potter, Miss Jennie O'Neil 682
Potts, Mrs. Eugenia Dunlap 562
Prescott, Mrs. Lydia A. 526
Proctor, Miss Mary A. 301
Quinton, Mrs. Amelia S. 71
Reed, Mrs. Caroline G. 240
Reed, Mrs. Elizabeth A. 719
Reese, Miss Cara 328
Rich, Mrs. Ellen M. 365
Richards, Mrs. Ellen H. 713
Riggs, Mrs. Anna R. 813
Rogers, Miss May 586
Roman, Mrs. Sallie Rhett 535
Romney, Mrs. Caroline Wescott 579
Salazar, Signora Fanny Zampini 157
Sawyer, Mrs. Winona Branch 273
Schahovskoy, Princess M. 569
Schirmaches, Miss Kathe 181
  PAGE. [column 2]
Scull, Mrs. Sarah Amelia 423
Sewall, Mrs. May Wright 771
Shaw, Rev. Anna Howard 152
Sheldon, Miss Elizabeth B. 790
Sheldon, Mrs. M. French 131
Sherman, Mrs. Caroline K. 764
Sherman, Mrs. Julia Edwards 670
Smith, Miss Marion Couthouy 616
Smith, Mrs. Mary Stuart 408
Smith, Mrs. Wesley 217
Smith, Mrs. Clara Holbrook 332
Smith, Mrs. Virginia Thrall 178
Smith, Mrs. Eva Munson 416
Souville, Mrs. E. M. 691
Spence, Mrs. Catherine Helen 458
Spencer, Rev. Anna Garlin 170
Starkweather, Mrs. Louise A. 62
Stevenson, Mrs. Matilda Coxe 484
Stevenson, Dr. Sarah Hackett. 708
Stone, Mrs. Lucy 59
Stone, Mrs. C. E. Whiton 101
Stone, Mrs. Lucinda H. 446
Street, Miss Ida M. 286
Sunderland, Mrs. Eliza Read 318
Todd, Mrs. Mary C. 39
Trueheart, Mrs. S. C. 804
Tutwiler, Miss Julia S. 36
Twitchell, Mrs. Eliza Stowe 495
Villafuerte, Miss Virginia 406
Ware, Mrs. Eugene 277
Welch, Miss Jane Meade 30
Wheeler, Mrs. Candace 818
Wheelock, Miss Lucy 323
White, Mrs. Jennie F. 123
Wilkinson, Mrs. Laura S. 233
Wilson, Miss Alisan 488
Wilson, Mrs. Elizabeth M. 203
Wilson (nee Petrie), Mrs. Ashley Carus 651
Windeyer, Miss Margaret 97
Woolley, Mrs. Celia Parker 763
Wright, Miss Mary P. 305
Zacaroff, Mlle. Cariclée 618
Zeman, Mrs. Josefa Humpal 127

INDEX TO SUBJECTS.

A  
TITLE. PAGE.
Advantages and Dangers of Organizations
   Rev. Anna Garlin Spencer
170
Æsthetic Culture
   Mrs. Priscilla Baird
414
An African Expedition
   Mrs. M. French Sheldon
131
Agriculture
   Mrs. A. M. Edwards
760
An Appeal of Art to the Lovers of Art
   Mrs. Mary Cherry Norris
674
Art
   Mrs. Emily Crawford
87
Art of Elocution
   Miss Anna Morgan
597
Art of Living, The
   Mrs. Ellen M. Rich
365
Art Isms
   Miss Annette Cole
600
Assyrian Mythology
   Mrs. Elizabeth A. Reed
719
Avocations of English Women
   Mrs. Theresa Elizabeth Cope
531
B  
Business Woman in Kentucky, A
   Miss Florence Barlow
797
C  
Certain Methods of Studying Drawing
   Miss Aimee K. Osborne Moore
380
Changing Ideals in Southern Womanhood
   Mrs. Sue Huffman Brady
306
Characteristics of the Modern Woman
   Mrs. Caroline K. Sherman
764
Charles Lamb
   Mrs. C. A. R. Devereux
752
Chicago
   Miss Marion Couthouy Smith
616
Chicago Women.
   Dr. Sarah Hackett Stevenson
708
Children of the Other Half, The
   Miss Lucy Wheelock
323
Cholera in Hamburg, The
   Miss Annesley Kenealy
354
Citizens, The Making of
   Mrs. H. E. Monroe
311
Closing Address
   Mrs. Potter Palmer
820
Columbia's Women
   Mrs. Amanda Kerr Lewis
371
Columbus; or, It was Morning
   Mrs. Lillian Rozell Messenger
227
Come South, Young Woman!
   Mrs. Martha R. Field
776
Compensation
   Mrs. Alice Asbury Abbott
645
Complete Freedom for Women
   Miss Agnes M. Manning
107
Congratulation on the Possession of Portrait
   Mrs. Candace Wheeler
818
Cookery
   Mrs. Mary J. Lincoln
138
Cooking as an Art.
   Miss Helen Louise Johnson
810
Culture; Its Fruit and Its Price (extracts from)
   Mrs. May Wright Sewall
771
D  
TITLE. PAGE. [column 2]
Dawning of the Twentieth Century, The
   Mrs. Mary Seymour Howell
679
De Stael, Madame
   Mrs. Helen Philleo Jenkins
686
Development in Eastern Washington
   Mrs. Jennie F. White
123
Dress Improvement
   Mrs. Annie Jenness Miller
695
E  
Economic Independence of Woman
   Mrs. Lydia A. Prescott
526
Educational Value of Applied Arts, The
   Miss Elizabeth B. Sheldon
790
Education of Girls and Women in Glasgow
   Miss J. A. Galloway
337
Education of Indian Girls in the West
   Mrs. Mary C. Todd
39
Effective Voting, On
   Miss H. C. Spence
458
Eliot, George
   Miss Ida M. Street
286
Encouragement of Home Industries
   Lady Ishbel Aberdeen
743
English Women of the Eighteenth Century, Some
   Mrs. Caroline Fuller Fairbanks
503
Epic
   Mrs. E. M. Souville
691
Etching
   Miss Blanche Dillaye
643
Ethics of Social Life, The
   Mrs. John R. Hanna
53
Evolution of American Literature
   Mrs. M. K. Craig
198
Evolution of Home, The
   Miss Juliet Corson
714
F  
Faith of Islam The
   Mrs. Laura H. Clark
512
Fate of Republics, The
   Rev. Anna Howard Shaw
152
Feast of Columbia, The
   Mrs. Alice Williams Brotherton
67
Financial Independence of Women, The
   Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin
348
Finding of the New World, The
   Miss Jane Meade Welch
30
Food for Students
   Mrs. Ellen H Richards
713
Footfree in God's Country
   Mrs. Marie Antoinette Nathalie Pollard
293
Forgotten Foremothers, Our
   Mrs. Lillie Devereaux Blake
32
G  
George Meredith's Novels
   Miss Margaret Windeyer
97
Glimpse of Modern Spain, A
   Miss Laura Bell
516
Glory of Womanhood, The
   Mme. Hanna K. Korany
359
TITLE. PAGE.
God's Thought of Woman
   Mrs. Anna Rankin Riggs
813
Goethe and Schiller.
   Miss Mary Virginia Keene
194
H  
Harmonious Adjustment Through Exercise
   Mrs. Minna Gordon Gould
660
Harmonious Culture
   Miss Ida K. Hinds
438
Henrik Ibsen and Bjornstjerne Bjornson
   Mrs. Nicoline Bech Meyer
243
Higher Education and the Home
   Mrs. E. R. Sunderland
318
Higher Lessons of the World's Fair.
   Mrs. Lucinda H. Stone.
446
Higher Womanhood, The
   Mrs. Caroline F. Corbin
326
Historic Women of Egypt.
   Mrs. Caroline G. Reed
240
Home and Its Foundations, The
   Rev. Annis Ford Eastman
612
Home of the Future, The
   Miss L. C. McGee
249
Home Side of Progress, The
   Mrs. Clara Holbrook Smith
332
Homer and His Poems
   Mrs. Nina Morais Cohen
113
Household Economics.
   Mrs. Laura S. Wilkinson
233
How Can We Aid?
   Mrs. Agnes L. d'Arcambal
148
I  
Ideal Home for Children, An
   Mrs. Kate O. Miller
782
Influence of Great Women of the Past.
   Mrs. Mary Newbury Adams
342
Industrial Revolution of the Last Century, The
   Mrs. Eliza Stowe Twitchell
495
Industrial Women
   Mrs. Electa Bullock
510
Intelligent Treatment of the Body
   Mrs. Marie Mott Gage
737
International Arbitration
   Miss Eleanor Lord
281
Ishmaelite of Oklahoma, The
   Mrs. Selwyn Douglas
383
Is Woman the Weaker Vessel?
   Mrs. Sarah Eddy Palmer
432
Italian Women of the Country, The
   Countess Cora Slocomb di Brazza
697
J  
Japanese, The
   Mrs. Romyn Hitchcock
556
Justice and Freedom for All
   Princess M. Schahovskoy
569
K  
Katharina in the Taming of the Shrew or "The Rights of Men."
   Mrs. Emma Pratt Mott
544
Kindergarten as a Character Builder, The
   Mrs. Sarah B. Cooper
296
Kindergarten, The
   Mrs. Virginia Thrall Smith
178
L  
Labor Dignified, Is
   Mrs. Lenora Marie Lake
508
Landmarks
   Rev. Antoinette B. Blackwell
633
TITLE. PAGE. [column 2]
Land We Love, The
   Mrs. Mary L. Gaddess
221
Law and Women
   Mrs. Maria Purdy Peck
623
Legal Condition of Women in 1492-1892
   Miss Mary A. Greene
41
Legal Profession for Women, The
   Mrs. Wenona Branch Sawyer
273
Leper, The
   Miss Kate Marsden
213
Life and Times of Isabelle of Castile
   Miss Loraine P. Bucklin
450
Life of an Artist
   Miss Katherine Cohen
428
Lincoln and Farragut
   Mrs. Vinnie Ream Hoxie
603
Literature for Young People
   Prof. Cora M. McDonald
264
Looking Backwards
   Miss Kirstine Fredericsen
237
M  
Margaret Fuller
   Mrs. Celia Parker Woolley
763
Medical Profession for Women, The
   Dr. Freeda M. Lankton
268
Marriage Prospects in Germany
   Miss Kathe Schirmaches
181
Mexico
   Miss Virginia Villafuerte
406
Monologue as an Entertainment, The
   Miss Jennie O'Neil Potter
682
Months in Old Mexico, Four
   Mrs. Caroline Wescott Romney
579
Moorish Women as I Found Them
   Mrs. A. L. Howard
463
Moors of Spain, The
   Mrs. Ellen Harrell-Cantrell
253
Municipal Suffrage for Women in Michigan
   Miss Octavia Williams Bates
664
N  
Nationalism
   Mrs. Lillian Cantrell-Bay
260
Need of a Great College in the South.
   Miss Clara Conway
402
Needlework as Taught in Stockholm
   Mlle. Hulda Lundin
104
Nervous American, The
   Mrs. Martha Cleveland Dibble.
704
New Field for Women, A
   Mrs. Julia Edwards Sherman
670
New Liberty Bell, The
   Miss Alice A. Mitchell
405
Next Step in the Education of the Deaf, The
   Miss Mary S. Garrett
443
Next Thing in Education, The
   Mrs. Mary Lowe Dickinson
637
Nineteenth Century, The
   Mrs. Whiton Stone
101
Norway and the Midnight Sun
   Mrs. A. A. F. Johnston
555
Noted Writers of the South, A Few
   Mrs. J. W. Drury
471
Not Things, But Women
   Mrs. C. B. Pitblado
793
Novel as an Educator of the Imagination, The
   Miss May Rogers
586
O  
Opening Address
   Mrs. Potter Palmer
25
Organized Motherhood
   Mrs. Lide Meriweather
747
Our Neighbors, the Alaskan Women
   Mrs. Clara A. McDiarmid
723
P  
TITLE. PAGE.
Pacific Northwest, The
   Abigail Scott Duniway
90
Peace
   Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Lease
412
Philanthropy for Girls in Paris
   Mme. Marie Marshall
211
Piano Playing without Piano Practice
   Miss Mary V. Hayes
474
Pioneer Women of Oregon
   Mrs. Elizabeth M. Wilson
203
Poetry of the Stars
   Miss Mary Proctor
301
Portrait of Mrs. Potter Palmer 816
Portrait of Susan B. Anthony 787
Possibilities of the Southern States
   Mrs. Sallie Rhett Roman
535
Power and Purposes of Women, The
   Mrs. Helen L. Bullock
143
Presentation of Portrait
   Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood
816
Preventive Medicine
   Dr. Mary E. Donohue
727
Progress of Fifty Years, The.
   Mrs. Lucy Stone
59
S  
Samoa; Its People and Their Customs
   Mrs. E. J. Ormsbee
590
Self-Support Problem, A.
   Miss Julia S. Tutwiler
36
Serving One Another
   Mrs. Ashley Carus Wilson
651
Signs of the Times
   Miss Alisan Wilson
488
Sketch of Home Life in Iceland, A.
   Mme. Sirgrid E. Magnusson
521
Spanish-American Neighbors, Our
   Mrs. Anna A. Dodd
754
St. Catherine of Siena
   Hon. Mrs. Arthur Pelham
576
Study in Goethe's Faust, A
   Mrs. Mary H. Peabody
205
Study of Greek Art, A
   Mrs. Sarah Amelia Scull
423
Swiss Customs
   Miss Cecile Gohl
316
Symmetrical Womanhood
   Mrs. Wesley Smith
217
T  
Talk, A
   Miss Kate Field
77
Tempted Woman, The
   Mrs. Isabel Wing Lake
574
Turkish Compassionate Fund, The
   Mme. C. Zacaroff
618
U  
University Extension
   Rev. Augusta J. Chapin
393
Unveiling of Portrait
   Mrs. James P. Eagle
816
V  
Virginia Women of Our Day, The
   Mrs. Mary Stuart Smith
408
Vocal Art
   Mrs. Thora K. Bjorn
740
"Vocal Art," Extracts From
   Dr. M. Augusta Brown
477
Voice Culture
   Mme. Louisa Cappiani
500
W  
TITLE. PAGE. [column 2]
We, the Women
   Miss Cara Reese
328
What the Women of Kansas are Doing To-day
   Mrs. Eugene Ware
277
Who Are the Builders
   Mrs. Jonnie Allen George
388
Wife of Blennerhassett, The
   Mrs. Mary T. W. Curwen
165
Woman and Household Labor
   Mrs. Mary Hess Hull
609
Woman and Religion
   Rev. Ida C. Hultin
788
Woman as a Financier
   Mrs. M. A. Lipscomb
469
Woman as an Investor
   Mrs. Louise A. Starkweather
62
Woman in an Ideal Government
   Mrs. K. V. Grinnell
628
Woman in Journalism
   Mrs. Mary Temple Bayard
435
Woman in Music
   Mrs. Gaston Boyd
570
Women in Politics
   Mrs. J. Ellen Foster
668
Woman in the Greek Drama
   Mrs. Julia Ward Howe
102
Woman, the Inciter to Reform
   Mrs. Minnie D. Louis
539
Woman, the New Factor in Economics
   Rev. Augusta Cooper Bristol
80
Woman Who Has Come, The
   Mrs. Charlotte Holt
190
Woman's Awakenment
   Mrs. Anna S. Green
649
Woman's Life in Asiatic Turkey
   Miss Mary P. Wright
305
Woman's Place in the Republic of Letters
   Mrs. Annie Nathan Meyer
135
Woman's Sphere from a Woman's Standpoint
   Mrs. Laura de Force Gordon
74
Woman's Work in Kentucky
   Mrs. Eugenie Dunlap Potts
562
Women as Political Economists
   Mrs. Brainerd Fuller
491
Women Citizens and People? Are
   Mrs. Emily B. Ketcham
361
Women in Sacred Song
   Mrs. Eva Munson Smith
416
Women of Bohemia, The
   Madame Josefa Humpal Zeman
127
Women in Modern Italy
   Signora Fanny Zampini Salazar
157
Women's National Indian Association, The
   Mrs. Amelia S. Quinton
71
Women of the South
   Mrs. S. C. Trueheart
804
Women Writers of California, The
   Mrs. Ellen Sterling Cummins
184
Wonders of Nature and Art in Spain
   Senorita Catalina de Alcala
398
Y  
Young Women of the South, The
   Mrs. Jean Loughborough Douglass
733
Z  
Zuni Scalp Ceremonial, The
   Mrs. Matilda Coxe Stevenson
484

floral detail


INDEX TO PORTRAITS.

A PAGE.
Abbott, Mrs. Alice Asbury 645
Aberdeen, Lady Ishbel 743
Adams, Mrs. Mary Newbury 342
Albright, Mrs. Franc Luse opp. p. 632.
Allen, Mrs. E. W. opp. p. 502.
Angell, Mrs. Sarah S. C. opp. p. 370.
Anthony, Miss Susan B. 787
Arcambal de, Mrs. Agnes L. 148
Ashley, Mrs. Susan R. 23
Austin, Miss Isabella J. opp. p. 632.
Bagley, Mrs. John J. 23opp. p. 96.
B  
Baird, Mrs. Priscilla A. 414
Ball, Mrs. J. Frank opp. p. 164.
Barker, Mrs. Helen Morton 23opp. p. 502.
Barlow, Miss Florence 797
Bartlett, Mrs. Edward L. opp. p. 632.
Bates, Miss Octavia Williams 664
Bay, Mrs. Lillian Cantrell 260
Bayard, Mrs. Mary Temple 435
Beck, Miss E. Nellie opp. p. 232.
Beeson, Mrs. Marie P. Harmon opp. p. 632.
Bell, Mrs. Mary C. opp. p. 232.
Bjorn, Mme. Thora K. 740
Blackwell, Rev. Antoinette Brown 633
Blake, Mrs. Lillie Devereux 32
Boyd, Mrs. Gaston 570
Brady, Mrs. Sue Huffman 306
Brayton, Mrs. Ellery M. opp. p. 502.
Brazza di, Countess Cora Slocomb 697
Briggs, Mrs. John S. opp. p. 370.
Bristol, Rev. Augusta Cooper 80
Brotherton, Mrs. Alice Williams 67
Brown, Mrs. H. F. opp. p. 370.
Brown, Miss Lillian Mason opp. p. 370.
Brown, Dr. M. Augusta 477
Bucklin, Miss Loraine Pearce 450
Bullock, Mrs. Electa 510
Bullock, Mrs. Helen L. 143
Burleigh, Mrs. Edwin C. opp. p. 304.
Busselle, Miss Mary E. opp. p. 434.
Butler, Mrs. Thomas J. opp. p. 632.
C  
Cantrell, Mrs. Ellen Harrell 253
Cantrill, Mrs. Mary Cecil opp. p. 96.
Cappiani, Mme. Louisa 500
Carse, Mrs. Matilda B. opp. p. 696.
Chandler, Mrs. Ellen M. opp. p. 568.
Chapin, Rev. Augusta J. 393
Clarke, Mrs. Francis B. opp. p. 370.
Clark, Mrs. Laura H. 512
Clark, Mrs. Whiting S. opp. p. 232.
Cochran, Mrs. Mary A. opp. p. 568.
Cohen, Miss Katherine M. 428
Cohen, Mrs. Nina Morais 113
Cole, Miss Annette 600
Coleman, Mrs. Robert J. opp. p. 164.
Conway, Miss Clara 402
Cooke, Mrs. Susan Gale opp. p. 502.
Cooper, Mrs. Sarah B. 296
Cope, Mrs. Theresa Elizabeth 531
Corbin, Mrs. Caroline Fairfield 326
Corson, Miss Juliet 714
Craig, Mrs. M. E. 198
Crawford, Mrs. Emily 87
Cummins, Mrs. Ella Sterling 184
Cunningham, Miss Floride opp. p. 502.
Curwen, Mrs. Mary T. W. 165
D  
Dailey, Miss Charlotte Field opp. p. 502.
Deane, Mrs. James B. opp. p. 164.
Delaney, Mrs. A. K. opp. p. 632.
Devereux, Mrs. C. A. R. 752
  PAGE. [column 2]
Dibble, Mrs. Martha Cleveland 704
Dickinson Frances, M. D. opp. p. 696.
Dickinson, Mrs. Mary Lowe 637
Dillaye, Miss Blanche 643
Dodd, Mrs. Anna A. 754
Donohue, Dr. Mary E. 727
Doolittle, Jr., Mrs. James R. opp. p. 696.
Doty, Master Willie K. opp. p. 762.
Douglas, Mrs. Selwyn 382
Douglass, Mrs. Jean Loughborough 733
Drury, Mrs. J. Wilson 471
Duniway, Mrs. Abigail Scott 90
E  
Eagle, Mrs. James P. 11 and 23opp. p. 164.
Eastman, Mrs. Annis Ford 612
Edgerton, Mrs. Rollin A. opp. p. 164.
Edwards, Mrs. Amanda H. 760
F  
Fairbanks, Mrs. Caroline Fuller: 503
Farnum, Mrs. Anna E. M. opp. p. 232.
Faulkner, Miss Jean W. opp. p. 304.
Felton, Mrs. Wm. H. opp. p. 232.
Field, Miss Kate 77
Field (Catherine Cole), Mrs. Martha R. 776
Foley, Mrs. M. D. opp. p. 434.
Ford, Miss Ellen A. opp. p. 96.
Fosdick, Mrs. Anna M. opp. p. 164.
Foster, Mrs. J. Ellen 668
Fredericsen, Miss Kirstine 237
French, Mrs. Jonas H. opp. p. 304.
Frost, Mrs. Rufus S. opp. p. 304.
Fuller, Mrs. Brainerd 491
G  
Gaddess, Mrs. Mary L. 221
Gage, Mrs. Marie Mott 737
Galloway, Miss Janet A. 337
Garrett, Miss Mary S. 443
George;, Mrs. Jonnie Allen 388
Gillespie, Mrs. Laura opp. p. 502.
Ginty, Mrs. Flora Beall opp. p. 568.
Gohl, Miss Cecile 316
Gordon, Mrs. Laura de Force 74
Gould, Mrs. Minna Gordon 660
Greene, Miss Mary A. 41
Green, Mrs. Anna S. 649
Grinnell, Mrs. Katherni V. 628
Guthrie, Mrs. Genevieve opp. p. 632.
H  
Hale, Mrs. Frances E. opp. p. 568.
Hall, Mrs. Daniel opp. p. 434.
Hanback, Mrs. Hester A. opp. p. 304.
Hanna, Mrs. John R. 53
Harrison, Mrs. F. H. opp. p. 568.
Harrison, Mrs. Mary S. opp. p. 96.
Hart, Mrs. Mary P. opp. p. 434.
Hartpence, Mrs. Walter opp. p. 434.
Hayes, Miss Mary V. 474
Henrotin, Mrs. Charles 348
Hinds, Miss Ida K. 438
Hitchcock, Mrs. Romyn 556
Holt, Mrs. Charlotte 190
Hooker, Mrs. Isabella Beecher opp. p. 164.
Houghton, Mrs. Alice opp. p. 568.
Howard, Mrs. A. L. 463
Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward 102
Howell, Mrs. Mary Seymour 679
Howes, Mrs. Eliza J. Pendry opp. p. 370.
Hoxie, Mrs. Vinnie Ream 603
Hull, Mrs. Mary Hess 609
Hultin, Rev. Ida C. 788
Hundley, Miss Hattie Toney opp. p. 164.
I  
Ives, Miss Frances B. opp. p. 164.
J PAGE.
Jackson, Mrs. A. C. opp. p. 304.
Jackson, Miss Lily Irene opp. p. 568.
Jenkins, Mrs. Helen Philleo 686
Johnson, Miss Helen Louise 810
Johnston, Mrs. Adelia A. F 555
K  
Keene, Miss Mary Virginia 194
Kenealy, Miss Annesley 354
Ketcham, Mrs. Emily Burton 361
Kidder, Mrs. George Wilson opp. p. 434.
Kinder, Mrs. Mary Richards opp. p. 164.
Korany, Mme. Hanna K. 359
L  
Ladd, Mrs. Mira B. F. opp. p. 434.
Lake, Mrs. Isabel Wing 574
Lake, Mrs. Leonora Marie 508
Langworthy, Mrs. E. C. opp. p. 370.
Lankton, Dr. Freda M. 268
Lease, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth 412
Lee, Mrs. James W. opp. p. 370.
Lewis, Mrs. Amanda Kerr 371
Linch, Mrs. W. Newton opp. p. 568.
Lincoln, Mrs. Mary J. 138
Lipscomb, Mrs. M. A. 469
Lockwood, Mrs. Mary S. opp. p. 96.
Logan, Mrs. John A. opp. p. 632.
Lord, Miss Eleanor 281
Louis, Mrs. Minnie D. 529
Lovell, Miss Laurette 23opp. p. 632.
Lundin, Mlle. Hulda 104
Lynde, Mrs. William P. opp. p. 568.
M  
Magnusson, Mme. Sigrid E. 521
Marsden, Miss Kate 213
Marshall, Mme. Marie 211
McAdow, Mrs. Clara L. opp. p. 370.
McCandless, Miss Mary E. opp. p. 502.
McConnell, Mrs. W. B. opp. p. 434.
McDiarmid, Mrs. Clara A. 723
McDonald Prof. Cora M. 264
McGee, Miss L. C. 249
McLaughlin, Mrs. S. W. opp. p. 434.
Meredith, Mrs. Virginia C. opp. p. 232.
Meriweather, Mrs. Lide 747
Messenger, Mrs. Lillian Rozell 227
Meyer, Mrs. Nicoline Bech 243
Meyer, Mrs. Annie Nathan 135
Miller, Mrs. Kate O. 782
Miller, Mrs. Annie Jenness 695
Miller, Miss Ora Elizabeth opp. p. 232.
Minor, Mrs. Katharine L. opp. p. 304.
Mitchell, Miss Alice A. 405
Mitchell, Mrs. Jennie S. opp. p. 304.
Monroe, Mrs. Harriet Earhart 311
Moore, Miss Aimee K. Osborne 380
Morgan, Miss Anna 597
Mott, Mrs. Emma Pratt 544
Mulligan, Mrs. James A. opp. p. 696.
N  
Norris, Mrs. Mary E. C. 674
O  
Oglesby, Mrs. Richard J. opp. p. 232.
Olmstead, Mrs. Charles H. opp. p. 232.
Ormsbee, Mrs. E. J. 590
Opening of the Congress of Women opp. p. 435.
Owings, Mrs. Melissa D. opp. p. 568.
P  
Palmer, Mrs. Bertha M. Honoré 7, opp. p. 696 and 816.
Palmer, Mrs. Sarah Eddy 432
Paul, Mrs. K. S. G. opp. p. 568.
Payton, Mrs. Mary opp. p. 502.
Peabody, Mrs. Mary H. 205
Peck, Mrs. Marie Purdy 623
Perkins, Mrs. Belle H. opp. p. 304.
Pierce, Miss Ada opp. p. 762.
Pitblado, Mrs. Effie 793
Pollard, Mrs. Marie Antoinette Nathalie 293
Potter, Miss Jennie O'Neil 682
Potts, Mrs. Eugenia Dunlap 562
Prescott, Mrs. Lydia A. 526
Price, Mrs. Charles opp. p. 434.
Proctor, Miss Mary A. 301
Q  
Quinton, Mrs. Amelia S. 71
R PAGE. [column 2]
Reed, Mrs. Caroline G. 240
Reed, Mrs. Elizabeth A. 719
Reed, Mrs. William opp. p. 304.
Reese, Miss Cara 328
Reitz, Miss Wilhelmine opp. p. 232.
Rich, Mrs. Ellen M. 365
Richards, Mrs. Ellen H. 713
Rickards, Mrs. Eliza opp. p. 370.
Riggs, Mrs. Anna R. 813
Rogers, Miss May 586
Roman, Mrs. Sallie Rhett 535
Romney, Mrs. Caroline Wescott 579
Rue, Mrs. Parthenia P. opp. p. 164.
Russell, Miss Eliza M. 23opp. p. 434.
Ryan, Mrs. Rosine opp. p. 96.
S  
Salazar, Signora Fanny Zampini 157
Salisbury, Mrs. Margaret Blaine opp. p. 632.
Sawyer, Mrs. Winona Branch 273
Schahovskoy, Princess M. 569
Scull, Mrs. Sarah Amelia 423
Sewall, Mrs. May Wright 771
Shattuck, Mrs. L. Brace 23opp. p. 696.
Shaw, Rev. Anna Howard 152
Sheldon, Miss Elizabeth B. 790
Sheldon, Mrs. M. French 131
Shelton, Mrs. Matilda Hart opp. p. 502.
Shepard, Mrs. Frances Welles opp. p. 232.
Sherman, Mrs. Caroline K. 764
Sherman, Mrs. Julia Edwards 670
Smith, Miss Marion Couthouy 616
Smith, Mrs. Mary Stuart 408
Smith, Mrs. Wesley 217
Smith, Mrs. Clara Holbrook 332
Smith, Mrs. Virginia Thrall 178
Smith, Mrs. Eva Munson 416
Souville, Mrs. E. M. 691
Spence, Mrs. Catherine Helen 458
Spencer. Rev. Anna Garlin 170
Starkweather, Mrs. Amey M. opp. p. 502.
Starkweather, Mrs. Louise A 62
Stevens, Mrs. L. M. N. 23opp. p. 304.
Stevenson, Mrs. Matilda Coxe 484
Stevenson, Dr. Sarah Hackett 708
Stone, Mrs. Leander opp. p. 696.
Stone, Mrs. Lucy 59
Stone, Mrs. C. E. Whiton 101
Stone, Mrs. Lucinda H. 446
Stone, Mrs. John M. opp. p. 370.
Straughan, Mrs. Joseph C. opp. p. 232.
Street, Miss Ida M. 286
Sunderland, Mrs. Eliza Read 318
T  
Thatcher, Mrs. M. D. opp. p. 164.
Thatcher, Jr., Mrs. Solomon opp. p. 696.
Thatcher, Miss Claribel opp. p. 762.
Thatcher, Miss Florence opp. p. 762.
Thomson, Mrs. Alexander opp. p. 304.
Todd, Mrs. Mary C. 39
Trautmann, Mrs. Ralph opp. p. 434.
Trueheart, Mrs. S. C. 804
Turner, Mrs. Ida Loving opp. p. 502.
Tutwiler, Miss Julia S. 36
Twitchell, Mrs. Eliza Stowe. 495
V  
Verdenal, Mrs. D. F. opp. p. 96.
Villafuerte, Miss Virginia 406
W  
Wallace, Mrs. M. R. M. opp. p. 696.
Ware, Mrs. Eugene 277
Welch, Miss Jane Meade 30
Whalen, Mrs. Thomas A. opp. p. 632.
Wheelock, Miss Lucy 323
White, Mrs. Jennie F. 123
Wilkins, Mrs. Beriah opp. p. 632.
Wilkinson, Mrs. Laura S. 233
Wilson, Miss Alisan 488
Wilson, Mrs. Elizabeth M. 203
Wilson, (née Petrie), Mrs. Ashley Carus 651
Wilson, Mrs. John R. opp. p. 502.
Windeyer, Miss Margaret 97
Wise, Mrs. John Sergeant opp. p. 568.
Women's Building frontispiece
Woolley, Mrs. Celia Parker 763
Wright, Miss Mary P. 305
Z  
Zacaroff, Mlle. Cariclée 618
Zeman, Mrs. Josefa Humpal 127

large hall with balconies, seated crowd
OPENING CEREMONIES OF THE WOMAN'S BUILDING.


panel with eight portraits of women from the board of lady managers
COMMITTEE ON CONGRESSES OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS.

1. MRS. JAMES P. EAGLE,
Chairman of Committee
2. MRS. JNO. J. BAGLEY,
Vice-Chairman
3. MRS. SUSAN R. ASHLEY.
4. MISS ELIZA M. RUSSELL. 6. MRS. L. M. N. STEVENS.
5. MRS. HELEN M. BARKER.
7. MRS. L. BRACE SHATTUCK. 8. MISS LAURETTE LOVELL.

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About This Edition

This chapter has been put on-line as part of the BUILD-A-BOOK Initiative at A Celebration of Women Writers.through the combined work of: Mary Hitchcock, Leslee Covington, Elizabeth Pysar, Tammy Watson, Kris Kleeberg, Susan Wais, Kylie Polzin, Nola Johns, Simone Fluter, Kelly McDonald, Velvet Van Bueren, Chris Alhambra, and Mary Mark Ockerbloom.