A Celebration of Women Writers

Art and Handicraft in the Woman's Building of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893.
Edited by Maud Howe Elliott, 1854-1948.
Chicago and New York: Rand, McNally & Company, 1894.

gender, ethnicity, religion



ornate stone building decorated with many columns, porticoes, and statues
WOMAN'S BUILDING.
DESIGNED BY SOPHIA G. HAYDEN.
UNITED STATES.


OFFICIAL EDITION

ART AND HANDICRAFT
IN THE
Woman's Building
OF THE
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION
CHICAGO, 1893


EDITED BY
MAUD HOWE ELLIOTT

WITH SPECIAL ARTICLES BY

MRS. POTTER PALMER, MRS. JULIA WARD HOWE, MISS S. T. HALLOWELL, MRS. CANDACE WHEELER, MISS ALICE C. MORSE, MRS. ELIZABETH W. PERRY, MRS. LOUISA HOPKINS, MRS. HENRY RICHARDS, MRS. FREDERICK P. BELLAMY, MRS. EDNA D. CHENEY, MRS. JAMES P. EAGLE, MRS. FRANCES B. CLARKE, MRS. GEORGE B. DUNLAP, MRS. MAUD HOWE ELLIOTT
AND
THE DUCHESS OF VERAGUA, THE PRINCESS M. SCHAHOVSKOY, THE COUNTESS OF ABERDEEN, THE BARONESS BURDETT-COUTTS, THE BARONESS THORBURG RAPPE, MME. PÉGARDE, FRAU PROFESSORIN KASELOWSKY, MME. QUELLENAC, MME. OXHOLM, MRS. BEDFORD-FENWICK, MRS. E. CRAWFORD, MME. EVA MARRIOTTI


Illustrated


CHICAGO AND NEW YORK:
RAND, MCNALLY & COMPANY,
1894.


Copyright, 1893, Boussod, Valadon & Co.

COPYRIGHT 1894, BY RAND, MCNALLY & CO.


PUBLISHER'S PREFACE.

The World's Columbian Exposition has afforded woman an unprecedented opportunity to present to the world a justification of her claim to be placed on complete equality with man.

The broad fact that able and earnest women from all quarters of the globe organized for the purpose of gathering evidence and demanding a hearing by the court of assembled nations is generally known. The following pages—written by women eminent as pleaders in the cause—tell eloquently of the detail of their procedure and of the results so far attained.

That their labors will immediately eventuate in the full realization of their hopes can not with reason be expected, but that their efforts have revealed the possession of unexpected powers, and will disperse the mists of ignorant prejudice that at present cloud the question, can not be doubted.

The publishers hail with pleasure the opportunity that the issuance of this volume affords them of adding to the light, and perhaps of hastening the coming of the day when woman will be emancipated from restraints imposed upon her by a worn-out conventionalism absurdly unsuited to our times and conditions.

The illustrations in the original edition of this work were prepared and made by Boussod, Valadon & Co. (successors to Groupil & Co.), in Paris; and the illustrations made by Rand, McNally & Co. appear in the present edition on pages 26, 32, 41, 42, 69, 70, 77, 78, 95, 96, 108, 110, 123, 124, 131, 132, 144, 146, 159, 160, 186, 188, 197, 198, 223, 224, 254, 256, 280, 282, 296, and 298.


floor plans of the ground and gallery floors of the woman's building
GROUND PLAN WOMAN'S BUILDING.
GALLERY PLAN WOMAN'S BUILDING.


CONTENTS.

  PAGE.
THE GROWTH OF THE WOMAN'S BUILDING,
    BERTHA HONORÉ PALMER,
17
THE BUILDING AND ITS DECORATIONS,
    MAUD HOWE ELLIOTT,
33
WOMAN IN ART,
    S. T. HALLOWELL,
67
APPLIED ARTS IN THE WOMAN'S BUILDING,
    CANDACE WHEELER,
79
WOMEN ILLUSTRATORS,
    ALICE C. MORSE.
89
THE WORK OF CINCINNATI WOMEN IN DECORATED POTTERY,
    ELIZABETH W. PERRY,
101
WOMAN IN SCIENCE,
    LOUISA PARSONS HOPKINS,
107
WOMAN IN LITERATURE,
    LAURA E. RICHARDS,
119
THE LIBRARY,
    MAUD HOWE ELLIOTT,
133
NEW YORK LITERARY EXHIBIT,
    BLANCHE WILDER BELLAMY,
139
EVOLUTION OF WOMEN'S EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES,
    EDNA D. CHENEY,
147
MUSIC IN THE WOMAN'S BUILDING,
    LENA BURTON CLARKE,
165
CONGRESSES IN THE WOMAN'S BUILDING,
    MARY Q. O. EAGLE,
171
ASSOCIATIONS OF WOMEN,
    JULIA WARD HOWE,
175
THE CHILDREN'S BUILDING,
    EMMA. B. DUNLAP,
189
FRANCE,
    MADAME PEGARD,
203
COTTAGE INDUSTRIES IN SCOTLAND AND IRELAND,
    ISHBEL ABERDEEN,
219
PHILANTHROPIC WORK OF BRITISH WOMEN,
    THE BARONESS BURDETT-COUTTS,
229
GREAT BRITAIN—ART,
    E. CRAWFORD,
235
BRITISH NURSES EXHIBIT,
    MRS. BEDFORD-FENWICK,
243
GERMANY,
    MADAME KASELOWSKY,
247
SPAIN,
    THE DUCHESS OF VERAGUA.
257
ITALY,
    EVA MARRIOTTI,
265
WOMAN'S POSITION IN THE SOUTH AMERICAN STATES,
    MATILDE G. DE MIRO QUESADA,
271
RUSSIA,
    PRINCESS M. SCHAHOVSKOY,
283
SWEDEN,
    THORBURG RAPPE,
299
DENMARK,
    MADAME D'OXHOLM,
305
GREECE,
    MADAME QUELLENEC,
309
BELGIUM,
    MAUD HOWE ELLIOTT,
313
EPILOGUE,
    MAUD HOWE ELLIOTT,
317

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

NOTE.—The illustrations in the following list are of objects displayed in the Woman's Building. The particular section in which an exhibit is to be found is indicated by the name of the country following the title of each illustration.

  PAGE.
Altar Piece—Romanesque Style. A. Branting 299
Ancient Russian Headgear. Mme. Schabelskoi 286
Ancient Russian Headgear. Mme. Schabelskoi 294
Antique Raised Venetian Point Lace. Countess Telfener 264
Antwerp Peasant. M. O. Kobbé 98
Arabian Embroidery. Mme. Luce Ben-Aben 178
Aunt Tabitha. M. O. Kobbé 98
Baptismal Veil of Queen Caroline of Naples. Marchioness Mazzacorati 267
Bas Relief—"Ophelia." Sarah Bernhardt 273
Black and White Drawing—"Anon Comes April in Her Jollity." Rosina Emmet Sherwood 48
Black and White Illustration—"In the Meeting House." A. B. Stephens 134
Bolero Vest, in White Satin, Embroidered in Gold. Mme. Pailleron 196
Book Cover. Alice C. Morse 97
Book Cover. Boston collection. 97
Book Cover. Boston collection. 94
Book Cover. Boston collection. 142
Book Cover. Pulpit Hanging and Prayer-Book Cover of Charles I. Her Majesty the Queen of England 236
Book Cover. Sarah W. Whitman 93
Book Cover. Sarah W. Whitman 98
Book Cover, XVI Century. M. A. Sheldon 94
Bronze Group—"Brother and Sister." Fraulein Finzelberg 169
Bronze Plate. Marcello Lancelot-Croce 114
Brussels Dress Applique on Real Net. Her Majesty the Queen of the Belgians 314
Cartoon for Stained Glass. Mary E. McDowell 50
Cartoon for Memorial Window. Helen Maitland Armstrong 54
Carved Buffet. Countess Tankerville 174
Carved Fan. Countess Tankerville 180
Carved Oak Mirror Frame. Miss Reeks 140
Carved Wood Frame. Mlle. Hawkins 308
Carved Wood and Leather Chair. H. R. H. the Princess of Wales 125
Carved Wood and Leather Stool. Princess Maud of Wales 128
Carved Wood and Leather Stool. Princess Victoria of Wales 126
Carved Wood Panel 141
Carved Wood Panel. Albertina Nordstrom 171
Carved Wood Panel from Record Room. K. E. P. Mosher 233
Ceiling of Library. Dora Wheeler Keith 136
Cloak of the Virgin. St. Nicholas Church, Belgium 316
Collection of Lace Needles and Bobbins. Committee of Italian Ladies 266
Condition of Women in France 208
Corporal Veil, Flat Needlepoint Lace. Presentation Convent Industry 219

  PAGE.
Costume of a "Hedebipoge"—Peasant Woman of Zeeland 304
Costume of a Young Girl of the Isle of Amager 150
Cradle, with Applique of Mirecourt Lace 195
Curio Table and Chest in Stained Marquetry. Working Ladies' Guild 244
Curtain of the Throne of the Czars Jean and Peter. Mme. Schabelskoi 289
Cushion. H. R. H. the Princess Louise 240
Cushion and Workcase. Mme. Holmblad 305
Decoration of North Tympanum, "Primitive Woman." Mary Fairchild MacMonnies 34
Decoration of South Tympanum, "Modern Woman." Mary Cassatt 35
Decorative Panel, "Arcadia." Amanda Brewster Sewell 37
Decorative Panel, "Art, Science, and Literature." Lydia Emmet 43
Decorative Panel, "The Republic's Welcome to Her Daughters." Rosina Emmet Sherwood 39
Decorative Panel, "The Women of Plymouth." Lucia Fairchild 36
Design for Banner. Miss Digby 164
Design for Book Cover. Mary Hathaway Nye 91
Design for Carpet. Lucy W. Valentine 84
Design for Hand Mirror. Mrs. E. W. Blashfield 163
Design for Wall Paper. Anna Lee 85
Designs for Book Covers. Alice C. Morse 90
Designs for Lace. Nina French 137
Diagram of the Woman's Building 6
Diana—Statue. Miss Grant 234
Dragon Plate. Parsons & Brown 87
Embossed Coppers. Rosalie Juel 279
Embroidered Brocade. Lady Henry Grosvenor 206
Embroidered Landscape—"Apple Blossom Time." A. J. Peters 82
Embroidered Linen Toilet Table Drapery XVII Century Design. Mme. Narischkine's School 168
Embroidered Panels. Leroudier 199
Embroidered Portiere. J. M. Dixon 228
Embroidered Screen. Gabrielle Delessert 170
Embroidered Silk Cushion. Agnes Branting 310
Embroidered Vellum Frame. Boston Society of Decorative Art 245
Embroidered White Satin Cushion. H. R. H. Princess Louise of Denmark 206
Embroidery. Charlotte Georgeville 270
Embroidery on White Satin 250
Embroidery. Pupils of the House of the Legion of Honor 59
Enameled Cup—"The Four Seasons." Marie Louvet 149
Enameled Glass. Ella Casella 116
End of the Hop Harvest. Miss Stuart Wood 242
Entrance to Russian Section, Princess Schahovskoy, Mme. Doubassoff, Mlle. Polienoff, Mlle. Olsonfieff, the Princess Wolkowski, and others 290
Etching—Portrait of Mrs. Piper at Spinning Wheel. E. Piper 92
Exhibits of La Maison Henry 212
Fac-Simile of Bible belonging to Queen Elizabeth. Royal Society of Art Needlework 118
Faience. Hortense Richard 200
Fan—"Aurora." Maison Ahrweiler 66
Fans. E. Buissot 86

  PAGE.
Finger Plates. Violet M. Parker 230
Fire Screen. Marianne Furst and Hermine Walte 317
Flat Needlepoint Lace Fan Cover. Presentation Convent 221
Flat Needlepoint Lace Fan Cover. Presentation Convent 225
Flounce of the Queen of Westphalia. Countess di Papadopoli 267
Flounce, Venetian Point, XVII Century. Countess di Brazza 264
French Alençon Point Lace Fan. Lefebure 210
French Colbert Point Lace Flounce. Lefebure 167
Gold Embroidery XVI Century. Countess di Brazza 260
Hangings Embroidered in the School of Mme. Luce Ben-Aben 153
Illustrated Page from Nursery Receipts. Mary Hathaway Nye 91
Jabot of Jerome Bonaparte. King of Westphalia 267
Landscape—"Banks of the Oka." Mlle. Olsonfieff 138
Landscape. Princess Imretinski 288
Large Goblet of Etched Glass. Hilda Petterson 303
Limoges Underglaze Jar. E. A. Richardson 319
Linen Chattaduk Wall Hanging. Mme. Cilluf Alsson 301
Little Knitter. M. O. Kobbé 98
Louis XV. Table. Mme. G. Nieter 121
Macrame Towels 269
Marble Bust of Princess Obolensky. Princess Schahovskoy 22
Marble Statue—"Spring." Mme. L, Contan 31
Marquetry Screen. Working Ladies' Guild 238
Miniature. Camille Isbert 177
Miniature—"Toilet of Venus." Mme. Hervé 20
Moorish Woman Preparing Couscousson 166
Moses' Cradle. Mlle. Susse 191
Needlework Panel. Miss Eliot Walker 93
Novi Vase. E. Richard 218
Oil Painting—"Autumn Evening." E. Beernart 312
Oil Painting—"A Vision." Frau Bieber Böhm 28
Oil Painting—"Christ and the Sinner." Countess Kalkreuth 246
Oil Painting—"Death of Mignon." Adrienne Potting 75
Oil Painting—"Elaine." Frau von Pruschen 46
Oil Painting—Flowers. Fraulein Ley 255
Oil Painting—Flowers. Her Majesty Queen Louise of Denmark 306
Oil Painting—Fruit. Molly Cramer 252
Oil Painting—Landscape. Frau Schroeder 143
Oil Painting—Landscape. Fraulein Von Kendell 24
Oil Painting—"Mars and Venus." Poppe Lüderitz 74
Oil Painting—"Molly's Ball Dress." Kate Perugini 157
Oil Painting—"Morning Prayer." C. E. Fischer 73
Oil Painting—"On the Cliff." Louise Abbema 217
Oil Painting—"The Bath." Mme. Demont-Breton 192
Oil Painting—"Thoughts." Fraulein Lübbes 172
Old Baptismal Gown. Baroness Reedtz Thott 190
Old English Clock in Carved Wood Case. Mrs. Eliot 109
Old Silk Petticoat. Mme. Vallo 307
Painted Glass Window. Cecilia Boklund 297
Painted Porcelain Vase, Old Swedish Style. Helene Hold 102
Painted Screen 57

  PAGE.
Painted Screen—Imitation Gobelin. Anna Boberg 300
Painting—"A Sellrein Woman." Baroness Marianne Eschenburg 133
Painting—"France on the Way to the Chicago Exposition." Louise Abbema 202
Painting. Louise Abbema 207
Painting—"The Old Man's Soup." Mme. Arthur Arnould 276
Panel—"Influence of Woman in the Arts." 145
Panel—"The Arts of Woman" 145
Paris Vase. Mme. E. Apoil 272
Part of Lace Dress. Ex-Empress Frederick 253
Part of Lace Dress. Ex-Empress Frederick 315
Pen and Ink Drawing—"Kittens at School." A. R. Wheelan 99
Pen and Ink Sketch—Landscape. Princess Imretinski 284
Pillow Sham. Mme. Crouvezier 204
Point Coupé. H. R. H. Princess Royal Louise of Denmark 274
Portfolio Containing Portraits of Distinguished Swedish Women 122
Portrait of a Child. Alice Grant 187
Portrait of Archduchess Marie Therese 16
Portrait of Miss K. L. Minor 15
Portrait of Mme. Carnot 16
Portrait of Mrs. Beriah Wilkins 15
Portrait of Mrs. Charles Price 15
Portrait of Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh 15
Portrait of Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty 15
Portrait of Mrs. Gen. Vischnegradsky 16
Portrait of Mrs. John A. Logan 14
Portrait of Mrs. Margaret Blaine Salisbury 15
Portrait of Mrs. Potter Palmer 14
Portrait of Mrs. Ralph Trautmann 15
Portrait of Mrs. Russell B. Harrison 14
Portrait of Mrs. Schepeler-Lette 16
Portrait of Mrs. Skowzes 16
Portrait of Mrs. Susan G. Cooke 14
Portrait of Mrs. Susan R. Ashley 15
Portrait of Mrs. V. C. Meredith 14
Portraits of Foreign Lady Commissioners 16
Portrait of Prince Bariatinsky. Princess Bariatinsky 179
Portraits of Prominent Officials of the Board of Lady Managers 14
Portraits of Vice-Presidents of the Board of Lady Managers 15
Portrait Sketch. Allegra Egglestone 72
Portrait. Vilma Parlarghy 248
Pottery and Glass. Cincinnati Collection 105
Pottery—Cincinnati Collection 100
Pottery—Cincinnati Collection 103
Pottery—Cincinnati Collection 104
Pottery—Cincinnati Collection 111
Pottery—Cincinnati Collection 112
Pottery—Cincinnati Collection 100
Priest's Vestment. Angela Baffico 262
Red Satin Embroidered Cover, Venice, XV Century. Countess di Brazza 267
Reproduction of Louis XV. Window. Mlle. Berthe Floury, Mlle. Eugenie Fritman, Mme. Dubor 83

  PAGE.
Screen. Countess Greffuhle 216
Screen—Design in National Style. K. Petre 151
Screen. H. I. H. the Archduchess Marie Therese 318
Seal of New York State Board. Lydia Emmet 139
Seat of Stool in Leather Work. Princess Maud of Wales 129
Seat of Stool in Leather Work. Princess Victoria of Wales 127
Silk and Gold Embroidered Panel. Working Woman's Society of Vienna 183
Silk and Gold Embroidered Vestment, made for His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Convent of Poor Clare's Industry 226
Silk and Gold Embroidered Vestment, made for His Grace the Archbishop of Ireland. Royal School of Art Embroidery 220
Sketch for Glass Window. Mrs. Parrish 53
Sketch for Window. A. F. Northrop 148
Sketch for Window. L. F. Emmet 64
Sketch for Window. Mary Tillinghast 56
Sketch for Window. Mrs. J. B. Weston 60
Spanish Lace with the Arms of Charles V. Lady Layard 258
Spread and Pillow Cover. M. Crouvezier 155
Stephanus Vase. Mme. Apoil 214
Suggestion for Reredos. Mrs. Kenyon Cox 71
Tapestry. Barbara Wolf 44
Tapestry. Bengka Olsson 302
Tapestry from Raphael's Cartoon, "The Miraculous Draught of Fishes." Annie Lyman 176
Terra Cotta Bust. Princess Schahovskoy 292
Terra Cotta Statuette—"Boy and Dog." R. A. Fraser Tytler 232
"The Letter of Resignation." Mary Hallock Foote 89
Wall Hanging Representing the Goddess Bonomie. Burne-Jones 120
Wall Panel. Royal School of Art Embroidery 80
Water Color—Decorative Panel. Madelaine Lemaire 88
Water Color—Illustrated Page of the Bible. H. R. H. Princess Louise of Denmark 115
Water Color—Jessup Collection. Minnie R. Sargent 107
Water Color—Jessup Collection. Minnie R. Sargent 113
Water Color. Madelaine Lemaire 18
Water Color—Portrait. Rosina Emmet Sherwood 52
Water Color—Portrait of the Empress of Russia. Mme Kraneskoi 281
Water Color—Portrait. Rosina Emmet Sherwood 62
Water Color. Rosina Emmet Sherwood 194
Watteau Screen, Louis XV. Design. Countess Tankerville 162
Woman's Building. Designed by Sophia G. Hayden Frontispiece
"Wood Dove." Mary Hallock Foote 63
Young Girl Bathing. Léon Bortanæ 61

ADDITIONAL ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS EDITION.

  PAGE.
Administration Building 26
Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building 32
Columbian Fountain 41
View of the Great Basin 42
Statue of Columbus 69
Agricultural Building 70
Electricity Building, Western Façade 77
Marine Café and Brazilian Building 78
Mines and Mining Building 95
The Peristyle, Statue of the Bull, and Statue of the Republic 96
United States Government and Manufactures Buildings 108
Interior of the Agriculture Building 110
The Cart-horse Group of Statuary 123
The South Pond 124
The Lagoon 131
Electricity Building 132
Horticultural Building 144
Horticultural Building, Central Portion 146
Electricity Building, Eastern Façade 159
Fisheries Building 160
Convent of Santa Maria de la Rabida, Krupp Gun, Dairy, and Forestry Buildings 186
Convent of La Rabida 188
Statue of Innocence 197
Looking North from the Mines and Mining Building 198
The Genius of Navigation 223
View at the North End of the Lagoon 224
The Genius of Discovery 254
Spring—Statue 256
Ruins of Yucatan 280
View of the Main Basin 282
Bureau of Public Comfort 296
Bird's-eye View from the Ferris Wheel 298

five portraits of women officials
PROMINENT OFFICIALS OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS.


eight portraits of women vice-presidents
VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS.


five portraits of women commissioners
FOREIGN LADY COMMISSIONERS.

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About This Edition

This chapter has been put on-line as part of the BUILD-A-BOOK Initiative at A Celebration of Women Writers.through the combined work of: Laura June Dziuban, Susan Quinlan, and Mary Mark Ockerbloom.